Bumps in simple two-dimensional neural field models

نویسندگان

  • Olivier Faugeras
  • François Grimbert
چکیده

Neural field models first appeared in the 50’s, but the theory really took off in the 70’s with the works of Wilson and Cowan [11, 12] and Amari [2, 1]. Neural fields are continuous networks of interacting neural masses, describing the dynamics of the cortical tissue at the population level. In this report, we study homogeneous stationary solutions (i.e independent of the spatial variable) and bump stationary solutions (i.e. localized areas of high activity) in two kinds of infinite two-dimensional neural field models composed of two neuronal layers (excitatory and inhibitory neurons). We particularly focus on bump patterns, which have been observed in the prefrontal cortex and are involved in working memory tasks [9]. We first show how to derive neural field equations from the spatialization of mesoscopic cortical column models. Then, we introduce classical techniques borrowed from Coombes [3] and Folias and Bressloff [7] to express bump solutions in a closed form and make their stability analysis. Finally we instantiate these techniques to construct stable two-dimensional bump solutions. Key-words: neural fields, neural masses, bumps, prefrontal cortex, linear stability analysis This work was partially supported by Elekta AB. ∗ Projet Odyssée, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Activités localisées dans des modèles simples de champs neuronaux Résumé : Les modèles de champs neuronaux sont apparus dans les années cinquante, mais la théorie n’a véritablement pris son essor que dans les années soixante-dix avec les travaux de Wilson et Cowan [11, 12] et Amari [2, 1]. Les champs neuronaux sont des réseaux continus de masses neuronales interconnectées qui décrivent la dynamique du tissu cortical à l’échelle des populations de neurones. Dans ce rapport, nous étudions les solutions stationaires homogènes (indépendantes de la variable d’espace) et celles en forme de bosses (correspondant à des zones localisées de forte activité) dans deux types de modèles de champs neuronaux à deux dimensions comportant deux couches neuronales (neurones excitateurs et inhibiteurs). Nous nous concentrons particulièrement sur les bosses, qui ont été observées dans le cortex préfrontal et sont impliquées dans les mécanismes de la mémoire de travail [9]. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons comment obtenir les équations de champs neuronal par simple spatialisation de modèles mésoscopiques de colonnes corticales. Ensuite, nous présentons des techniques classiques employées par Coombes [3] et Folias et Bressloff [7] pour exprimer les bosses par une formule explicite et faire l’analyse de leur stabilité linéaire. Enfin, nous instancions ces techniques pour construire des bosses stables à deux dimensions. Mots-clés : champs neuronaux, masses neuronales, bosses, cortex préfrontal, stabilité linéaire

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تاریخ انتشار 2008